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銆€銆€绡€(ji茅)姘寸亴婧夎ō(sh猫)鍌欏皣甯舵湁鑲ユ枡鐨勭亴婧夋按楂樻晥銆佸潎鍕�銆佺珐鎱�銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)銆佸彲鎺�銆佹簴(zh菙n)纰哄湴杓搁€佸埌浜嗘灉妯规牴閮ㄥ湡澹�;閲囩敤鍩轰簬鐗╄伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鐨勭鐞�銆佸(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鐩�(ji膩n)鎺ф妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽彲瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐒′汉鍊煎畧鍜屽彲杩芥函銆傜瘈(ji茅)姘寸亴婧夎ō(sh猫)鍌欏拰鑷嫊(d貌ng)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦ㄦ灉妯规按鑲ヤ竴楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)涓婄殑闆嗘垚鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紝鍏锋湁椤憲鐨勬彁璩�(zh矛)銆佺渷姘�銆佺渷鑲�銆佺渷宸ョ瓑鏁堟灉锛屾湁涓€瀹氱殑缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佺敓鎱�(t脿i)鍜岀ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鏁堢泭銆�

銆€銆€1銆佹彁楂樻按鑲ュ埄鐢ㄧ巼銆傜洿鎺ュ悜鏋滄ü鏍归儴渚涙按锛屽ぇ骞呭害娓涘皯姘村垎钂哥櫦(f膩)锛屾彁楂樻按鍒嗗埄鐢ㄧ巼;灏囨憾瑙ｅ悗鐨勮偉鏂欒繎涔庣瓑閲忓湴杓搁€佸埌鏋滄ü鏍圭郴闄勮繎鍦熷￥鍗€(q奴)鍩燂紝淇濊瓑浜嗘牴绯诲皪(du矛)鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鎴愬垎鐨勮繀閫熷惛鏀�锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗚偉鏂欑殑楂樻晥鍒╃敤銆俒1]

銆€銆€2銆佺瘈(ji茅)鐪佷汉宸�銆傛笡杓曠亴婧夈€佹柦鑲ュ嫗鍕�(d貌ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴�锛岄檷浣庡嫗鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涙垚鏈紝鍒╀簬鏋滃湌妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍖栫敓鐢�(ch菐n)銆俒2]

銆€銆€3銆佹彁楂樺湡澹ゅ埄鐢ㄧ巼锛屾敼鍠勫湡澹ょ挵(hu谩n)澧�銆傛湁鏁堜繚鎸佸湡澹ゆ繒搴�锛屽埄浜庡湡澹ゅ井鐢熺墿缇よ惤鐨勫妯ｆ€с€佸湡澹ゆ湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鐨勫垎瑙�銆佹鐗╃嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鐨勭う鍖栧強椁�(y菐ng)鍒嗗惊鐠�(hu谩n)[3];姝ゅ锛屽彲娓涘皯鑲ユ枡鐢ㄩ噺锛屾笡灏戝湡澹ゆ鐢熼菇婕寲鍜屽皪(du矛)鍦颁笅姘寸殑姹℃煋銆俒4]

銆€銆€4銆佹彁楂樻灉瀵�(sh铆)鍝佽唱(zh矛)鍜岀敘(ch菐n)閲忋€傝В姹哄湡澹ゆ按姘ｇ煕鐩�锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰屽奖闊挎ü楂旀牴绯诲垎甯冿紝鍒╀簬鏋滄ü鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鍜岄珮鐢�(ch菐n)銆俒5]

銆€銆€闄や互涓婂叡鍚屽劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)澶栵紝鍏╁€�(g猫)鍩哄湴鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)閭勬湁鍚勮嚜鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛�

銆€銆€2.1.1鍙嶆烤闃插牭鍦颁笅鍩嬭ō(sh猫)婊寸亴鎶€琛�(sh霉)

銆€銆€钁¤悇鍩哄湴閲囩敤鍏锋湁鍙嶆烤闃插牭鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫湴鍩嬫淮鐏岀鐏屾簤鏂借偉鏂瑰紡锛屾湁浠ヤ笅鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛�

銆€銆€1銆佹按婧愰亷婵捐姹備綆?锛熸崕琛屝ヤ箰鍒敘鐭舵隘?銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍫靛鍜岀敓鐗╁牭濉�锛屽緸鑰岄檷浣庣亴婧夋按璩�(zh矛)瑕佹眰锛屼竴鑸亷婵惧櫒婵剧恫(w菐ng)閲囩敤80鐩互涓婂嵆鍙�锛屾サ澶ф笡灏戜簡棣栭儴閬庢烤澹撳姏锛岄檷浣庨亷婵惧櫒鐨勯厤缃垚鏈強娓呮礂閬庢烤鍣ㄧ殑浜哄伐鎴愭湰銆�

銆€銆€2銆佽偉鏂欓伕鍙栭潰寤�銆傞檷浣庡皪(du矛)鑲ユ枡姘存憾鎬х殑瑕佹眰锛屾嫇瀵簡鑲ユ枡閬告搰鑼冨湇锛岀瘈(ji茅)鐪佹垚鏈�锛屼究浜庢搷浣�銆�

銆€銆€3銆佹棦鍙煁鍏ュ湡澹ら€�(j矛n)琛屽湴涓嬫淮鐏屾柦鑲�锛屽張鍙敤浜庡湴琛ㄦ淮鐏屾柦鑲ワ紝涓旂亴婧夊拰鏂借偉绶╂參銆佸潎鍕�銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹�銆�

銆€銆€4銆佹笡灏戝湴琛ㄩ洔鑽夌敓闀�(zh菐ng)銆傚皣鐏屾簤姘寸洿鎺ヤ緵寰€鏋滄ü鏍圭郴锛屾棦淇濊瓑妞嶇墿鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)闇€姘�锛屽張淇濇寔鍦拌〃鍦熷共鐕�锛屾姂鍒朵簡鍦拌〃闆滆崏鐨勭敓闀�(zh菐ng)锛屾笡灏戞灉鍦掔梾锜插鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆�

銆€銆€2.1.2鍦伴潰寰櫞鑸囬爞閮ㄥ櫞娣嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)

銆€銆€妗冩ü鐨勬牴绯诲垎甯冭寖鍦嶅熀鏈垏妯瑰啝鐩村緫鐩稿悓锛屾牴绯绘湁鏄庨’鐨勫悜姘存€с€佸悜鑲ユ€�锛屼笉瀹滈噰鐢ㄩ粸(di菐n)鐙€鎴栫窔鐙€婵曟饯(r霉n)鐨勭亴婧夋柦鑲ユ柟寮忥紝鍥犳妗冩ü鍩哄湴閲囩敤鍦伴潰寰亴锛屾湁浠ヤ笅鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛�

銆€銆€1銆佸彲鍦ㄦ妯规牴閮ㄥ舰鎴愯寖鍦嶅彲鎺х殑鍦撳舰婵曟饯(r霉n)鍦堛€�

銆€銆€2銆佺亴姘村挤(qi谩ng)搴﹂仼涓�锛屽彲瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐒＄礆(j铆)瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)銆備繚璀夋妯逛笉鍚岀敓鑲查殠娈电殑姘磋偉渚涚郸銆�

銆€銆€3銆佷綆寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾亴姘村湪鍐鍙珐鎱㈡彁鍗囧湴婧�锛屽湪澶忓鍙湁鏁堥檷浣庡眬閮ㄦ韩搴︼紝鏀瑰杽灞€閮ㄥ皬姘ｅ€�锛岀偤妗冩ü鐕�(y铆ng)閫犻仼瀹滅殑鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鐠�(hu谩n)澧�(婧害銆佹繒搴︾瓑)锛屼績閫�(j矛n)鍐犲堡涓婁笅姘ｆ祦浜ゆ彌锛屾笡灏戣惤鏋溿€佽鏋滅瓑鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屼繚璀夎睈鐢�(ch菐n)锛屾敼鍠勬灉瀵�(sh铆)鍝佽唱(zh矛)銆�

銆€銆€绲�(ji茅)鍚堟按铚滄绋缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)锛屾妯瑰熀鍦伴厤濂楅噰鐢ㄧ殑闋傞儴鍣存穻鏈変互涓嬪劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛�

銆€銆€1銆侀噰鐢ㄥ潎鍕荤殑鍣存穻鐏屾按鍣�锛屽湪妯瑰啝涓婇儴褰㈡垚绱�(x矛)瀵嗙殑鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)闆ㄧ熬渚嗘ā鎿檷闆�锛岄伩鍏嶆棭鏄ユ妯硅娊鐧�(f膩)鑲插墠閬囬湝鍑嶄互鍙婂共鏃遍珮婧绡€(ji茅)瑁�(b菙)姘撮噺涓嶅強鏅�(sh铆)绛夋儏娉佸皪(du矛)鏋滄ü鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)閫犳垚鐨勬悕瀹�銆�

銆€銆€2銆佺洿鎺ョ郸妞嶆牚鏋濊憠瑁�(b菙)鍏呮按鍒嗭紝閰嶅悎鍦伴潰寰櫞鐏屾簤灏�(du矛)鏋滄ü鏍圭郴鐨勮(b菙)姘翠綔鐢�锛岀偤妗冩ü鍏卞悓鐕�(y铆ng)閫犳渶閬╁疁鐨勭珛楂旀按銆佽偉銆佹埃銆佺啽鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鐠�(hu谩n)澧�銆�

銆€銆€3銆佸彲鏈夋晥鍦板櫞鐏戣憠闈㈣偉锛岃(b菙)鍏呮灉瀵�(sh铆)鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鎵€闇€鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)銆�

銆€銆€4銆佸彲瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鍙婃檪(sh铆)銆佸潎鍕�銆佷究鎹锋墦钘�锛屾湁鏁堥€�(j矛n)琛岀梾锜插闃叉帶銆�

銆€銆€2.1.3鑷嫊(d貌ng)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)

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銆€銆€鍏╁€�(g猫)鍩哄湴鍧囬噰鐢ㄥお闄借兘渚涢浕鐨勭劇绶氭帶鍒舵柟寮�锛岃В姹轰簡绶氳矾閶ō(sh猫)鏂藉伐涓嶄究銆佹垚鏈亷楂�锛屽ぇ闈㈢⿳绠＄悊涓嶄究绛夊晱椤�锛岀偤瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鑷嫊(d貌ng)鎺у埗鎻愪緵浜嗙啊(ji菐n)鍠槗琛岀殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏂规硶銆�

銆€銆€2.2鍟忛

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銆€銆€1銆佽垏涓栫晫鐧�(f膩)閬�(d谩)鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁浉姣�锛屾垜鍦�(gu贸)姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄦ灉妯逛笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ粛鐒跺崄鍒嗘湁闄�锛岄仩(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)钀藉悗浜庣櫦(f膩)閬�(d谩)鍦�(gu贸)瀹禰4]锛岃揩鍒囬渶瑕佸ぇ鍔涙帹寤ｇず鑼�銆�

銆€銆€2銆佷笂娴峰湴鍗€(q奴)澶ч儴鍒嗘灉杈�(n贸ng)鐨勭ó妞嶅崁(q奴)鍩熷垎鏁�銆侀潰绌嶅皬涓旀灉妯规牻鍩硅鏍窛涓嶈(gu墨)鑼�锛岄泦涓稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)鐨勫悎浣滅ぞ鎴栧搴静(n贸ng)鍫�(ch菐ng)灏戯紝涓嶅埄浜庝竴娆℃€ф姇鍏ヨ純楂樼殑鎴愬瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑殑瀹夎浣跨敤[6]銆�

銆€銆€3銆佹妯归湶鍦拌ō(sh猫)缃笂鍣寸郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬€у児(ji脿)姣斾笉澶珮銆�

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銆€銆€[1]鏉滄泬鏉�,绋嬬帀璞�,闄冲厜姒瓑.鏋滄ü姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲鐮旂┒閫�(j矛n)灞�.娌冲寳杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)绉戝(xu茅),2016(20) :23-26.

銆€銆€[2]瑷卞ē.鏋滃湌姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲楂樻晥绡€(ji茅)姘寸亴婧夋妧琛�(sh霉)瑭﹂(y脿n).瀵�(sh铆)鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉),2011(4) :34-37.

銆€銆€[3]閻樼埥,鑷у皬骞�,鏇炬渻(hu矛)鎵嶇瓑.姘磋偉鑰﹀悎灏�(du矛)棣欒晧鍦掑湡澹ょ窔锜茬兢钀界祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂妯ｆ€х殑褰遍熆. 杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)宸ョ▼瀛�(xu茅)鍫�(b脿o),2013,(23):130-139.

銆€銆€[4]楂橀惮,绨�(ji菐n)绱呭繝,榄忔ǎ绛�.姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩櫦(f膩)灞曞墠鏅�. 鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｈ静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)绉戞妧,2012(8):250-257.

銆€銆€[5]Sokalska D锛孒aman D Z锛孲zewczuk A锛孲obota J锛孌erenD. Spatial root distribution of mature apple trees underdrip irrigation system .Agricultural Water Management.2009 (6):917-924.

銆€銆€[6]閯偛閹�,鍔夊織鏉�,闄冲瓙瀛�(xu茅)绛�.澶╂触甯傛按鑲ヤ竴楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎺ㄥ唬瀛樺湪鍟忛鑸囧缓璀�. 澶╂触杈�(n贸ng)鏋楃鎶€,2015,(4):40-43.

銆€銆€[7]闂�(gu膩n)娉夋澃.姒傝珫姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉).榛戦緧姹熸按鍒╃鎶€, 2013,41(5):44-46.

銆€銆€[8]瓒欏悏绱�.姘磋偉涓€楂斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑瀛樺湪鐨勫晱椤屽強瑙ｆ焙灏�(du矛)绛�.闄滆タ:瑗垮寳杈�(n贸ng)鏋楃鎶€澶у(xu茅), 2015,1-34.

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